The median income of foreigners, classified by permit type and nationality, is systematically compared to that of Swiss citizens (reference group). A negative difference for foreigners is shown in brown. In cases where the income of a foreigner group is higher than that of the reference group, the difference is shown in gray.
The graphs indicate the income penalty observed for members of the workforce holding the most temporary residence permits (F and L permits). But there are also some foreigner groups with a median income higher than that of Swiss citizens. This is the case for migrants from North America, Germany, France and the United Kingdom, for example.
This can be explained by the fact that in recent years, as part of a labor-market driven approach to immigration towards Switzerland, there has been a general increase in highly qualified immigrants. Today, more than half of the people of working age arriving from abroad are highly qualified, with a particularly high proportion among migrants from English-speaking countries. Certain migrants are, therefore, frequently more qualified and work in jobs requiring specific skills, which in many translates in a higher median salary within specific nationality groups when compared to the Swiss median income group.
Overall, this indicator provides additional evidence that recent immigration fills gaps in the Swiss labor market, as recent immigrants to Switzerland occupy positions in both the high- and the low-income segments of the labor market depending on their nationality and other characteristics.
The income level of Swiss women is many cases below that of the various foreigner groups. This is mainly because more Swiss women work part-time.
No trend towards a reduction in income inequality was observed over the period under consideration.
How qualified are migrants in Switzerland?
In which sectors of the economy do most of the migrants work?
Did migrants already have an employment contract on their arrival?
Does migration improve the professional situation?
Are migrants using their professional skills?
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Definitions
Income: The graphs show income incurring OASI (old age and survivor insurance) premiums. Income comprises the person’s salary, including bonuses and allowances, travel allowance and gratuities. The OASI premium payment obligation commences on the 1 January following the person’s 17th birthday.
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Source: Individual calculation, Centrale des compensations (1998-2020)
Note on the methodology: The data on work income incurring OASI premiums can be sourced from the 1st pillar insurance records. Using this virtually exhaustive body of data, it is possible to track the income of every person in work over time, although their employment percentage (number of hours per week) is not available. Despite this shortcoming, these records provide valuable information on the income trajectory of foreigners since their arrival in Switzerland.
OASI premiums paid by persons not in work have not been taken into account.
Terms of use: The Migration-Mobility Indicators are made available free of charge for non-commercial use. We ask the users to acknowledge the source.
Suggested citation: nccr – on the move, Migration-Mobility Indicators. Neuchâtel: nccr – on the move, 2022.
For more information about the data sets used, please click here.
Last update: 7 February 2022