Populist radical right parties have gained support in Europe using convincing messaging based on nationalism, nativism, and promises of returning to a “better” past. They have seemed to leverage people’s frustrations with the current challenges by offering simple solutions: a stronger state, traditional values, and security from perceived threats. This
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The Alternative for Germany (AfD), founded in February 2013, began as a Eurosceptic movement and later expanded to challenge immigration policies. In just a decade, the AfD has gained popularity across all federal states by securing significant votes in regional, national, and European elections among all age groups. Initially dismissed
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The political landscape of the Netherlands underwent a drastic change in 2023. After 11 years, the longest-standing prime minister, Mark Rutte, left a power vacuum that would reshape Dutch politics. Geert Wilders, long considered a political outsider, emerged as the winner of the elections held in 2023. But how did
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With a widespread rise of populist radical right (PRR) parties, Vox in Spain and Chega in Portugal have adapted the anti-immigration and anti-establishment narrative to address country-specific issues like national unity and economic inequality. The focus on these issues accounts for programmatic singularities that, while consistent with a broader PRR
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Fratelli D’Italia (FdI), Italy’s leading Populist Radical Right (PRR) party, has become a model for far-right movements across Europe following its success in the Italian elections in 2022. The party was extremely successful in presenting itself as a novelty within the context of radical right populism. Its main tenets –
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